Publications > Cahiers (English)> N° 81, 4th term 2006
- On
the performance of unitary models of household labor supply estimated
on “collective” data with taxation,
D. BENINGER, F. LAISNEY
format PDF - Comparaison
des indicateurs d’efficacité et des indicateurs économiques
des navires de pêche dans le cas d’une multi-production,
P. LE FLOC’H, S. MARDLE
format PDF
[The measure of capacity utilisation of fishing vessels with multi-output] - Confiance,
justification et controverse sur les OGM en Europe, S. CHAKLATTI,
D. ROUSSELIÈRE
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[Trust, justification and controversy on the GMOs in Europe]
V. Manceron, Une terre en partage. Liens et rivalités dans une société rurale, by T. Barthelemy
format PDF ; J. Agyeman, S.Neal (eds), The New Countryside ? Ethnicity,
Nation and Exclusion in Contemporary Rural Britain, by J. Mischi
format PDF ; J. Rémy, H. Brives, B. Lémery (coord.), Conseiller
en agriculture, by M. Begon ; T. Nadeau, Itinéraires marchands
du goût moderne. Produits alimentaires et modernisation rurale en
France et en Allemagne (1870-1940), by P.-A. Dessaux
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On the performance of unitary models of household labor supply estimated on “collective” data with taxation
Denis BENINGER *, François LAISNEY **(* Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW), L7 1, D-68161 Mannheim, Germany - e-mail: Beninger@zew.de. ** BETA-THEME, Université Louis Pasteur, 61 avenue de la Forêt Noire, 67000 Strasbourg, and ZEW - e-mail: fla@cournot.u-strasbg.fr)
In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 81, 2006, pp 5-36
Summary – This paper compares collective and unitary models on the basis of simulated collective data with income taxation. We distinguish the cases of individual and joint taxation. Estimating a flexible unitary model, we obtain strikingly different “preference” parameters depending on the type of taxation. We also obtain substantial differences between predicted adjustments to labor supply following a switch between tax regimes. Our results show that even the design of revenue-neutral reforms may be heavily distorted by the use of a unitary model on collective data. Finally, we discuss distortions affecting the welfare analysis of reforms on the basis of unitary estimates when the model generating the data is a collective model. The results suggest that increased efforts should be devoted to the estimation of collective models with taxation.
Key-words : Pareto optimal allocations, policy evaluation, simulated data.
Comparaison des indicateurs d’efficacité et des indicateurs
économiques des navires de pêche dans le cas d’une
multi-production
[The measure of capacity utilisation of fishing vessels with multi-output]
Pascal LE FLOC’H*, Simon MARDLE ** (*(* CEDEM – GDR AMURE, Université de Bretagne occidentale, IUT de Quimper, 2, rue de l’Université, 29334 Quimper cedex - e-mail : plefloch@univ-brest.fr. ** Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), Boat House, n° 6, HM Naval Base, 19 College Road, Portsmouth, Hanks, PO 1 3LJ, United Kingdom - e-mail : simon.mardle@port.ac.uk)
In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 81, 2006, pp 37-60
Summary – Overcapacity situations appear regularly in the activity of marine natural resources exploitation. Measuring capacity utilisation and efficiency for fishing vessels is then required. In this paper, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology is used in the case of multi-production. Data on landings and inputs are available on a monthly basis in the case of the fishing fleet, from 1994 to 2003. Efficiency indicators for fishing units are compared in a second stage with economic performance measures, computed from bookkeeping data. It seems that fishing vessels considered as the best performers according to efficiency scores are not automatically the more profitable units. This point is mainly verified for small vessels displaying heterogeneous behaviour compared to vessels with higher potential capacity utilisation.
Key-words : optimisation techniques, capacity, fishery.
Confiance, justification et controverse sur les OGM en Europe
[Trust, justification and controversy on the GMOs in Europe]
Samira CHAKLATTI *, Damien ROUSSELIÈRE ** (* GAEL (INRA- UPMF), BP 47, 38040 Grenoble cedex 09 - e-mail : samira.chaklatti@grenoble.inra.fr. ** LEPII (CNRS- UPMF), BP 47, 38040 Grenoble cedex 09 - e-mail : damien.rousseliere@upmf-grenoble.fr)
In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 81, 2006, pp 61-93
Summary – The emergence of genetically-modified-plants, in Europe, led to important debates and particularly about the consumption of genetically-modified-foods. In this context, this controversy concerning the GMOs (genetically-modified-organisms) seems to be the result of a confrontation between the various interests of actors (associative and voluntary sector, industrial, expert and scientific lobby, political and elected representatives) organized in special interest groups, each one being based on various registers of justification of the benefits or the supposed disadvantages of agricultural biotechnologies. With data from the Eurobarometer 58.0, we tried to specify the importance of trust in voluntary organizations and justification registries positioning in the public discussion on the GMOs on behalf of the “ordinary citizens”. In conclusion, we discuss the principal stylized facts thus characterized.
Key-words : genetically-modified-organisms, controversy, economies of worth, public debate and discussion, Eurobarometer, cross European study.