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Nematoda Tylenchida Heteroderidae .

Cereal cyst nematode

Description, Biology, Life Cycle, Damage, Common Names, Images

[R]Biology
- Host plants: this nematode is associated with Gramineae. Seven biological races have been described in Europe.
Southern races preferably attack hard wheat (*) and northern races oats.
wheat and barley (*) are susceptible to all races. Populations rarely infest rye. Attacks on maize have been observed recently.
- Females develop on roots and change into cysts, which are eventually released into the soil (*) . These enable the eggs to survive many years until new host plants stimulate eggs and allows the nematodes to hatch, to develop and, eventually, reproduce.

[R]Damage
In spring, patches of stunted vegetation can be observed (*) . In June, affected plants exhibit very short and shrubby roots (*) . Conditions favourable to the appearance of damage are periods of humidity in winter or in spring, followed by dryness in late spring.

[R] Images

1. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (BAYER)
   Attack on spring barley
2. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (BASF)
   Damage in wheat field
3. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (BASF)
   Cysts on roots of cereal
4. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (Rivoal R. / INRA Antibes)
   White females on roots of wheat
5. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (Rivoal R. / INRA Antibes)
   Damage in field of oats Shorter plants form depressions in the crop.
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6. Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber) (Rivoal R. / INRA Antibes)
   Damage on plants of oats Healthy plant on the right; on the left, 3 affected plants (shortening and thickening of roots).
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