Publications > Cahiers (English)> N° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990

Economie de la forêt et offre de bois
[Forest and Wood Supply Economy]

• [Forest through agrarian systems history : from dissociation to reinsertion ?], R. Larrère, O. Nougarède
• [Forest management : rational or reasonable ?], D. Poupardin, R. Larrère
• [Heritage : reading woodland management], J. de Montgolfier, D. Normandin
• [Discounting and forest management], J. Frayssé, M. Moreaux, J.-P. Terreaux
• [Can intensive forestry help to shorten agriculture surplus ?], J.-C. Hautcolas, J.-C. Sourie
• [Econometric analysis of the forest sector : an overview of the American experience], J. Buongiorno
• [Modelling roundwood supply and demand], L. Lönnstedt, J.-Luc Peyron

La forêt dans l'histoire des systèmes agraires : de la dissociation à la réinsertion ?
[Forest through agrarian systems history : from dissociation to reinsertion ?]

R. Larrère, O. Nougarède

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 11-38

Abstract : At the end of the Old Regime, all the French forests were nobility, clergy and Crown properties. Nevertheless, they were more integrated into rural life than nowadays. Riverain communities had multiple user rights on woodland, allowing them to supply themselves with fuelwood and timber. They were also allowed to lead their cattle to special forest sections acting as additional fodder sources and "fertiliser wells" for soil enrichment. If such an interpenetration between agricultural and forest activities is now broken off, it is due to a recent history, that of a dissociation between agriculture and forest which operated throughout the 19th century and has asserted itself since then. Dissociation between property systems, between activities, but between laws, management and knowledge as well. This article aims at synthesizing that historical process. It analyses why - in the opinion of many observers - a reinsertion of forest activities and woodlands into the economical and social life of rural population is on the agenda.

Key-words : history, forest, agrarian system, rural population.

La gestion forestière : rationnelle ou raisonnable ?
[Forest management : rational or reasonable ?]

D. Poupardin, R. Larrère

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 39-75

Abstract : Can economical computation improve woodlands management ? Or does it fail in that field ? The authors consider both arguments. It seems to them that formalizing all "social amenities" admittedly relevant to forestry (productive, environmental and social functions) is answerable of an abstract game which cannot help to explain the logic and behaviour of acting of concerned parties, nor to make good choices through long term investments, nor to choose among different - and non comparable - amenities. Forest planning remains a sphere where a large part of "undecidable" is still lying.

Key-words : woodland management, forest planning, computation, choices.

Le patrimoine : une lecture de la gestion des espaces boisés
[Heritage : reading woodland management]

J. de Montgolfier, D. Normandin

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 77-109

Abstract : Many forest resources management actions aim at very long term purposes, and often bear consequences that hold out for a long time after the death of persons conducing them. Wooded lands and forests are complex and little artificialized ecosystems, able for multiple uses, many of them are non-monetary ones. Their various users often have widely different views of these spaces. So the concept of patrimony (or heritage) and the patrimonial approach are very fruitful to analyse problems involved in forestry management. This paper lays down arguments for this approach, dealing firstly with private forestry heritage management, aimed at wood producing, secondly with public forest heritage management, aimed at multiple uses. It describes researches based on the analysis of strategies and behaviours of the various social agents involved in forest management. It gives conclusions about criteria and means to improve this management.

Key-words : heritage, forest ownership, wood production, Mediterranean forest, natural resources economics, common property management.

Actualisation et gestion forestière
[Discounting and forest management]

J. Frayssé, M. Moreaux, J.-P. Terreaux

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 111-125

Abstract : It is well known that the maximization of the net present value is not well accepted in forestry as a management criterion. Because we feel that the problem is often badly set out so that many arguments miss the target, we propose some clarifications. Simulations from data about maritime pine in Landes (a South West region in France) show that the problem is not purely theoretical.

Key-words : forest management, discounting, present value, sylviculture, Landes (France).

Les productions ligneuses intensives : une solution aux excédents agricoles ?
[Can intensive forestry help to shorten agriculture surplus ?]

J.-C. Hautcolas, J.-C. Sourie

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 127-144

Abstract : This paper focuses on a regional linear programming model able to simulate the competition between food-crops (namely cash-crops) and intensive lignocellulosic crops (Short Rotation Forestry of poplars). The competition is examined from the farmers'point of view but also from the Common Agricultural Policy one. Farmers are supposed to maximize their individual income and the CAP objective is to reduce agricultural supports. Applied to a medium intensity area, the model shows the impossibility of satisfying simultaneously both interdependent objectives when SRF are cultivated on the farms instead of cash-crops. The available financial support provided by a decrease of food-crops can't compensate the low SRF profitability, even if a global transfer is done. In order to reach the previous two objectives (micro and macro), prices of wood should approximately be twice higher. These results suggest to reconsider the basic hypothesis of the model, as drastic CAP changes may intervene in a near future and favour non-food crops cultivation by farmers.

Key-words : regional model, competition, food-crop, cash-crop, forestry, agricultural supports, agricultural prices, prices of wood, short rotation forestry.

Analyse économétrique du secteur forestier : un bilan de l'expérience américaine
[Econometric analysis of the forest sector : an overview of the American experience]

J. Buongiorno

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 145-166

Abstract : Begun in the 1960's, the development of quantitative models of the American forest sector has gone through several stages. One of the reasons for the success of this approach has been the recent willingness of the American Forest Service and of forest industries to promote these models and to use them. This article reviews some of the works that illustrate this evolution. Future progress should include more analytical work with simple and rigorous models.

Key-words : North America, models, forest sector.

Une modélisation de l'offre et de la demande de bois bruts
[Modelling roundwood supply and demand]

L. Lönnstedt, J.-Luc Peyron

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 15-16, 2nd and 3rd terms 1990, pp 167-184

Abstract : The authors suggest a number of methods based on simulation which allow the user to model the evolution of the roundwood market, along with its corresponding supply and demand patterns. On the roundwood market, the balance between supply and demand is, theoretically, always sought after, but never actually achieved, particularly because of the existing means and delays of information transfer. Roundwood supply is taken as the allowable cut of forests, and so considered inelastic. The allowable cut is calculable in domains which are homogenous regarding growth, ownership, dominant species and stand structure. There are two ways of modelling growth depending on whether the stands are evenaged or unevenaged. Roundwood demand is derived from product demand, based on an industrial model. Emphasis is placed on both the originality and the limits of the approach.

Key-words : model, roundwood, wood market, allowable cut, forest growth, industrial growth.