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Publications > Cahiers (English)> N° 76, 3rd term 2005


TRAVAIL ET TERRITOIRES. Production d’espaces et territorialité de l’activité économique
Introduction : Nicolas Renahy et Bertrand Schmitt format PDF

Appropriation et identification des territoires du vin : la lutte entre grands et petits propriétaires du "Corton"
[Labelling practices "from above" and appropriation of wine territories : Corton's struggle between big and small owners]

Olivier JACQUET *, Gilles LAFERTÉ **(* Institut d'histoire contemporaine, Université de Bourgogne, 6 boulevard Gabriel, 21004 Dijon cedex, e-mail : olivier.jacquet@u-bourgogne.fr - ** INRA-CESAER, 26 boulevard du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex, e-mail : Glaferte@aol.com)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 76, 2005, pp 9-27

Summary - This article is based on a case study : the conflicts surrounding the limits of the Corton wine "appellation" (guarantee of origin) in inter-war Burgundy. We distinguish two modes of constructing territories : on the one hand, the process of "identification", that is the labelling/designation practices "from above" (in this case, the State and the representatives of various social groups) ; on the other hand, the process of "appropriation", that is the claiming by individuals themselves. Due to the impracticality of a legitimate identification of wine producing territories by the State, the 1919 law on "appellations d'origine" imposed a judiciary settlement of disagreements between wineproducers. The conflicting interests (long-established landowners with large and central properties versus more recently-settled wine growers with smaller plots of land at the margins) fought over differing definitions and modes of appropriation of the territory. The opposed groups used competing "registers" in an attempt to impose their own conception "territory" as legitimate. This process, leading to the superimposition of a number of possible territories, reveals how territories are not a "natural heritage" but rather the product of a "social" struggle. The large-scale landowners based their demand for a restrictive "zone d'appellation" on historical and economic arguments ; while the new-comers to the luxury "appellation" wine-producing economy (settled on smaller properties) used political, republican arguments in order to appeal to the IIIrd Republic tribunals. Definitions of the territory and the rules of the market are the result of a game, which exceeds the strictly economic struggle, but varies according to the political contexts and the social struggles. Key-words : "appellation d'origine", wine, territory, process of identification, membership, Burgundy.

Key-words : “appellation d’origine”, wine, territory, process of identification, membership, Burgundy.

Travail et territoire : du bon usage de la nation. À propos de l'enquête de 1848 sur le travail agricole et industriel
[Labor and localities : for the good of the Nation. The inquiry of 1848 on agricultural and industrial work]

Annie BLETON-RUGET* (** Université de Bourgogne, UFR de sciences humaines, 2 boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, e-mail : annie.ruget@libertysurf.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 76, 2005, pp 29-48

Summary - This contribution is based on a re-reading of the inquiry approved in May 1848 by the National Constituent Assembly. It examines the context in which the project took shape as substitute for creating a Ministry of Labor as demanded by the Parisian socialists, showing the specific circumstances of its emergence the day after the protests of 15 May 1848. It analyzes the conceptions of labor operating in the proposed questionnaire, the expected results of the survey's completion by justices of the peace in each canton and the idea eventually adopted of establishing mixed committees of employers and workers in each cantonal seat (chef-lieu) with the aims to take into account the views of workers and to diffuse social conflict. Examining the debates surrounding the execution of this inquiry shows that far from being unintentional the reports of labor in localities comprised representations of work and of hopes for social reform that were attached to the inquiry. The study also reveals evidence of political and social divisions that arose in the Assembly between the Notables elected by restricted franchise, republican reformers, and partisans of a social order organized by the State, together with the modes of administration that each group wanted to put in practice. In the end, the decision, contrary to Parisian demands, to extend the inquiry to the whole territory of France and to retain the canton as the local constituency likely to facilitate social mediation helped displace the initial aims of the project. Industrial work found itself submerged in the sea of rural France, supporters of which rural world were devoted to defending a conception of agricultural labor that had little to do with wage labor per se, while the urban domain of work and business refused to accept the initiative.

Key-words : agricultural labor, industrial labor, territory, nation, canton, inquiry.

Histoire de la dynamique territoriale de l'industrie. Le rôle de la demande de travail
[The history of industrial geography. The role of labour demand]

Francis AUBERT *, Carl GAIGNÉ ** (* ENESAD-CESAER, 26 bd du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex, e-mail : aubert@enesad.inra.fr - ** INRA-CESAER, 26 bd du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon Cedex, e-mail : gaigne@enesad.inra.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 76, 2005, pp 49-70

Summary - This paper aims to analyse the role of labour demand in the spatial organisation of industry since the "Proto-Industrialisation". After presenting the spatial dimension of the labour demand, we propose different periods of the spatial evolution of industry. The first phase of the industrialisation process is characterised by a dispersion in rural areas where production units benefit from low costs and flexibility of labour force. In the second period, industrial activities first favour the urbanisation of small towns in order to stabilise the labour supply outside large old cities. Then, the development of technology prompts industry to locate in these historic cities because of thick and diversified urban labour markets. Finally, the third phase is specified by a spread of industry from city to suburbs and, then, rural areas where the organisation of labour markets is dissociated from urban labour markets.

Key-words : industry, urban, rural, labour, economic history.

Une industrie nouvelle en zone rurale : de la fabrique d'une main-d'oeuvre à la fabrique de destins sociaux territorialisés ?
[The setting up of a new sector plant in a rural district : beyond the construction of a new local workforce, a territorial shaping of social trajectories]

Pierre FOURNIER* (* Université d'Aix-Marseille I, Laboratoire méditerranéen de sociologie, 29 avenue Robert Schuman, 13621 Aix-en-Provence cedex 1, e-mail : pierre.fournier@up.univ-aix.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 76, 2005, pp 71-92

Summary - The setting up of a new sector plant in a rural district automatically induces new patterns of labor categories and residential space according to the type of housing provided. If we examine these patterns over time, we can observe that they change because of the changing social properties of new generations of actors. But the way social actors perceive these patterns often doesn't change. It seems that for them the points of reference they use to decide about action are permanent, stable and anchored in their territory. This article focuses on this perception of territory and is based on field research in a district around a new nuclear plant. We examine in detail a special family history that reveals actors' normal - but normally invisible - attachment to reference marks anchored in territory : in this family, the intergenerational reproduction of social position was only possible because the son left the area, which was extremely painful for the parents. Their suffering was not due merely to a sence of betrayal with respect to a paternalist firm struggling to assure employment for the new generation. Nor was it a matter of deep territorial anchorage of the family, broken by economic restructuring. It seems rather that it was their sense of positive or negative social destiny, which was mediated by their ties with the territory. So we can speak about a territorial shaping of social trajectories.

Key-words : labor, territory, nuclear industry, trajectory, social mobility.

Un licenciement collectif et ses contrecoups
[A mass redundancy and its repercussions]

Nicolas RENAHY*, Cécile DÉTANG-DESSENDRE**, Séverine GOJARD*** (* INRA-CESAER, 26 bd du Docteur Petitjean, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex et Laboratoire de sciences sociales (ENS/EHESS), e-mail : renahy@enesad.inra.fr - ** INRA-CESAER, e-mail : detang@enesad.inra.fr - *** INRA-CORELA, 65 bd de Brandebourg, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine cedex et Laboratoire de sciences sociales (ENS/EHESS), e-mail : gojard@ivry.inra.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 76, 2005, pp 93-115

Summary - The consequences of industrial firm close-down on the local training system are not really well-known. This paper goes back over a mass redundancy in a worker village of the East of France in 1981. A family company of around 300 employees succeeded its development based on the settling process of the workers' families, who accessed to the labour market through a familiar way. Beyond the parents' unemployment, the rough stop of industrial activities in the village handicaps children to obtain a first professional experience. Then, a family spreading of unemployment acts, of which we detail the mechanisms, using quantitative data and ethnographic survey. We measure the impact of belonging to a family on the labour market access, by the way of a job in a firm, or failing that, by the way of unemployment institutions.

Key-words : unemployment, industrial employment, labour market access, kinship.
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