Publications > Cahiers (English)> N° 79, 2nd term 2006

ALIMENTATION ET PAUVRETÉ. L’alimentation comme outil de santé et d’insertion en situations de pauvreté.
Présentation : F. CAILLAVET, A. LHUISSIER format PDF

• Les lois économiques doivent-elles s’appliquer aux biens de subsistance ?, A. CLÉMENT format PDF
  [Should economic laws apply to subsistence goods?]
• Évaluation de l’insécurité alimentaire dans le Comté de Sacramento, C. BELLIN-LESTIENNE, N. DARMON format PDF
  [A report on food security in Sacramento County]
• Prévention des déficiences nutritionnelles chez les personnes sans-abri : intérêt d’un aliment de rue enrichi, N. DARMON, A. BRIEND format PDF
  [A fortified street food to prevent nutrient deficiencies in homeless]
• Un cas de déviance dans les classes populaires : les seuils d’entrée dans les troubles alimentaires, J. L. MORENO PESTAÑA format PDF
  [A case of deviance in the working classes: On the threshold of eating disorders]
• Cuisiner ensemble : ethnographie de trois atelier cuisine, M. AUGOR, A. LHUISSIER format PDF
  [Cooking together: An ethnographic approach of three « ateliers cuisine »]

COMPTE RENDU D'UNE EXPÉRIENCE PILOTE DE PRÉVENTION NUTRITIONNELLE

Alimentation et précarité : mise en place d’un réseau d’éducation pour la santé, by C. MICHAUD format PDF

Les lois économiques doivent-elles s’appliquer aux biens de subsistance ?
[Should economic laws apply to subsistence goods?]

Alain CLÉMENT * (* Université François Rabelais, UFR de droit, d’économie et des sciences sociales, 50 avenue Jean Portalis, BP 0607, 37206 Tours cedex 03 et UMR 5206 Triangle CNRS-Lyon 2-ENS - e-mail : clement@univ-tours.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 79, 2006, pp 9-36

Summary – While many very general laws exist in economics (Malthus’s law, the law of supply and demand, Engel’s law, etc.) attesting that the scientific character of the discipline, ‘vital resources’ fall into a category of their own and are recognised as such. This has led to the creation of knowledge and specific laws that are not applicable and not transposable to other areas of economics (e.g. the King-Davenant law). Some economists have even proposed to transfer ‘vital resources’ because of their specific character from the domain of economics to another disciplinary, moral and political domain, more in relation with our way to think the role of subsistence goods in the history of humanity. Thereby they opened the way and provided justification for other types of (normative) ‘man-made’ laws and for rules and norms. It is then easier to understand why, even in today economic debates, we talk of the ‘agricultural exception’.

Key-words : economic laws, norms, rules, agricultural exception.

Évaluation de l’insécurité alimentaire dans le Comté de Sacramento
[A report on food security in Sacramento County]

Constance BELLIN-LESTIENNE *, Nicole DARMON ** (* Unité de Surveillance et d’Epidémiologie nutritionnelle (InVS/CNAM), Unité de recherche en pidémiologie nutritionnelle (UMR INSERM/INRA/CNAM), 74 rue Marcel-Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex - e-mail : constancelestienne@yahoo.com, ** UMR Nutrition humaine INSERM U 476/INRA 1260, Faculté de médecine de la Timone, 27 boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05 - e-mail : nicole.darmon@medecine.univ-mrs.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 79, 2006, pp 37-51

Summary – In 2001, about 56,000 adults were estimated to be food insecure in Sacramento County. This number tends to keep rising eventhough several federal food assistance programs are available to the low-income population. The objectives of our study were to describe the population using emergency food assistance programs and to evaluate the federal food programs available to low-income people. Two different methods were used. Personal interviews of key informants in charge of the federal programs were made and a self-administered questionnaire was delivered in emergency food agencies. A total of 338 food aid recipients answered the questionnaire. Among individuals receiving emergency food assistance, 80 % lived below the poverty level and 62 % had a member in their household who experienced hunger in the past year. More than 27 % of the households had an income related to work. Among them 73 % lived below the poverty level and more than 82 % were food insecure. The study showed that eligible residents often did not access federal food programs either because they do not know about them or because there are too many barriers to their utilization such as : the lack of information regarding the programs, the language barrier, especially for immigrants, the difficult access to the program sites and the administrative burden of most programs. People using emergency food programs also declared that food stamps were insufficient to feed the household during a month, which explained why they seek assistance from emergency agencies. In order to decrease the number of people using emergency food programs it is necessary to improve the outreach efforts of the federal food programs towards the low-income community.

Key-words : food aid, federal food assistance programs, food security, challenges.

Prévention des déficiences nutritionnelles chez les personnes sans-abri : intérêt d’un aliment de rue enrichi
[A fortified street food to prevent nutrient deficiencies in homeless]

Nicole DARMON *, André BRIEND ** (* UMR Nutrition humaine INSERM U476/INRA 1260, Faculté de médecine de la Timone,
27 boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 05 - e-mail : Nicole.Darmon@medecine.univ-mrs.fr,** IRD, Département Sociétés et santé, 213 rue La Fayette, 75480 Paris cedex)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 79, 2006, pp 53-66

Summary – Existing food aid programs have failed to prevent insufficient dietary intakes and micronutrient deficiencies in the population of homeless in Paris. To improve these programs, we designed a fortified food easy to consume in the street. Its economic interest was estimated by linear programming.We further tested its acceptability among the target population. A chocolate-flavoured spread naturally rich in potassium and n-3 fatty acids was fortified with calcium, zinc, vitamins C, D, E, B 12 , thiamine, niacin and folic acid. This spread presents multiple advantages for homeless nutrition : resistance to bacterial contamination, viscosity adapted to people having limited chewing capacity, high energy density, and high nutritional quality/price ratio. Indeed, adding 1 packet of Vitapoche® to a classical food basket increases, for a low cost (21 eurocents/packet), the energy content of the basket, and significantly improves its nutritional quality. This represents an economic advantage for the donor, as well as for the food aid recipient. The acceptability study was conducted in eight sites providing food aid to homeless. During two weeks in each site, the fortified food was systematically proposed (one packet/day) to each individual visiting the site. The evaluation of this new food, named Vitapoche® , showed that homeless would consume the fortified food often or daily, if available. Including fortified street foods in existing food aid programs for homeless is a practical and economic way to help prevent nutritional deficiencies in this population.

Key-words : homeless, fortified food, nutrient deficiencies, economic value, food aid.

Un cas de déviance dans les classes populaires : les seuils d’entrée dans les troubles alimentaires
[A case of deviance in the working classes: On the threshold of eating disorders]

José Luis MORENO PESTAÑA* (* Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Avenida Gómez Ulla, s/n, 11003 Cádiz, Espagne - e-mail : joseluis.moreno@uca.es)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 79, 2006, pp 67-95

Summary – This text proposes a sociological analysis of eating disorders in the popular classes. It takes into account Ian Hacking’s theory of ecological niches of transitory mental illness, giving this theory a sociological formulation. The article proposes some hypotheses about the handicaps and the counter-handicaps of the popular classes in relation to eating disorders. The text, except for being based on empirical investigation, presents a profile of a contemporary somatic culture in the working class, especially among the youth, highlighting the differences and similarities to the dominating class.

Key-words : sociology of mental illness, sociology of anorexia and bulimia, working classes, body, alimentation, deviance theory.

Cuisiner ensemble : ethnographie de trois atelier cuisine
[Cooking together: An ethnographic approach of three « ateliers cuisine »]

Mélanie AUGOR*, Anne LHUISSIER* (* INRA–CORELA, 65 bd de Brandebourg, 94205 Ivry-sur-Seine cedex - e-mail : mela.augor@laposte.net, lhuissie@ivry.inra.fr)

In : Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, n° 79, 2006, pp 97-114

Summary – This article is based on participant observation in three “ateliers cuisine” organised in community centres located in Paris (France). Participant involvement in culinary activities is expected, in a purpose of social integration. The study highlights two main characteristics of this activity, which appears through its cultural and collective dimension: the question of the “culinary exoticism” and the “relation with Other”. Moreover, the collective character of the culinary activity arouses social relations which are based less on culinary skills than on the social positions and properties of the participants, within the “atelier”, within the centre, and more generally within their social life. Furthermore, the collective dimension underlines the various positions of the three “ateliers” on a continuum of situations. This continuum is defined by hierarchical social relations and by meanings of the culinary activity which are supported between “making together” and “to be together”.

Key-words : “ateliers cuisine”, low income people, culinary exoticism, culinary habits, social integration, social
work.